Chronic prostatitis is a serious disease that presents with periodic irritations, which requires complex long-term treatment. Inadequate therapy or lack thereof leads to the development of various complications, one of which is calculous prostatitis, one of the most severe forms of the disease. Calculus prostatitis develops from indolent congestive prostatitis and is diagnosed in men over 65 years of age.
Prostatitis calculosis
Any form of prostatitis is characterized by inflammation in the prostate gland, which can occur in acute or chronic form. Calculus prostatitis is a form of inflammation caused by the presence of stones (stones) in the vas deferens of the prostate.
Chronic calculous prostatitis is a rare complex inflammation of the prostate gland. It is preceded by inadequate multi-year therapy for chronic congestive prostatitis or prostate adenoma.
In most cases, a complication is found in men who tried to treat prostatitis themselves or did not follow the recommendations of the attending physician. Optional discontinuation of the therapy course, lack of complex treatment or uncontrolled independent taking of medication leads to the development of complications. Very often, the stone form of inflammation of the prostate gland develops against the background of accompanying pathologies of the kidneys and urinary system.
The formation of stones in the prostate gland can be due to two factors. The first of these is urolithiasis. In this case, they are talking about secondary or false stones that do not form in the prostate but migrate to it along a downward path along with urine. This occurs against the background of a violation of the urinary system and as a result of a decrease in prostate tone, which causes the reverse reflux of urine with stone fragments.
Primary or true stones form directly in the prostate. This is due to a chronic violation of organ trophism. At the same time, salts and phosphates accumulate in the prostate, which, against the background of thickening of the glandular secretion, forms dense salt-stone deposits.
Calculus prostatitis does not occur immediately. This is usually a consequence of failing to treat chronic prostate inflammation.
Causes of disease development
The development of calculous prostatitis is due to a long-term dysfunction of the prostate gland or concomitant diseases of the male genital area. Factors that provoke the development of this form of the disease can be:
- congestive prostatitis with a chronic course;
- chronic infectious prostatitis;
- BPH;
- malignant neoplasms in the body;
- urolithiasis disease;
- kidney failure.
The structure of stones can be organic and inorganic, their diameter rarely exceeds 4 mm. The organic structure of the stones is due to the stagnation of the prostate secretion, such stones are formed directly in the prostate secretion.
Inorganic stones enter the prostate as a result of urethro-prostatic reflux. This phenomenon is observed when the tone of the prostate gland is weakened and consists of the reflux of urine from the urethra into the prostate ducts. As a result, dense stones are formed, consisting of salts and phosphates, which are excreted from the body with urine.
Among the factors that predispose to the development of calculous prostatitis, there is a lifestyle violation against the background of chronic inflammation in the prostate. This includes an unbalanced diet rich in fatty and heavy foods, lack of a regular sex life.
Calculated prostatitis is diagnosed in men who have lived with chronic prostatitis for more than 10 years. In many ways, the development of this form of the disease is associated with the wrong or premature treatment of a slow inflammatory process.
Urolithiasis increases the chance of calculous prostatitis.
Symptoms of the disease
The symptoms and treatment of chronic calculous prostatitis do not differ much from the signs of inflammation against the background of congestion in the pelvic organs. Patient complaints include:
- frequent desire to urinate;
- feeling of heaviness in the rectum;
- pain after urination;
- weakening of strength;
- spillage disorders;
- blood in urine and semen.
It is the presence of blood in the urine or seminal fluid that makes it possible to suspect the calculus form of the disease before a visit to the doctor. At the moment of the corresponding muscle tension, during ejaculation or urination, the stones move and damage the tissues of the prostate gland. As a result, blood is found in the urine.
As a rule, the stone form of prostatitis is always accompanied by a violation of sexual function. This can manifest as a weakening of strength and problems with ejaculation. Men often complain about the inability to reach a climax during intercourse.
However, in some cases, calculous prostatitis may be asymptomatic. This is observed in the formation of small stones.
A distinctive feature of this form of prostatitis is the presence of blood in the urine.
Diagnosis of the disease
The diagnosis of calculous prostatitis is made on the basis of the same examinations that reveal chronic inflammation.
To make a diagnosis, you must undergo the following examinations:
- rectal palpation of the prostate;
- Ultrasound or TRUS;
- MRI;
- prostate secretion analysis.
During rectal palpation of the organ, the doctor clearly feels the heterogeneity of the prostate gland, which is manifested by the presence of tubercles and depressions in the organ. If the stones are large, they are clearly felt on palpation. Also, prostate massage in the presence of stones can be painful and be accompanied by blood release after manipulation, which comes as a result of damage to organ tissues due to the presence of dense salt deposits.
On ultrasound or TRUS, stones are distinguished by increased echogenicity. Such an examination allows you to accurately assess the location of stones, their size, contours and even their structure.
Furthermore, renal ultrasound and urethrography may be needed to rule out the secondary nature of stone formation in the background of urinary tract diseases.
On ultrasound, the presence of stones, their location and size are well defined.
The principle of treatment
Treating calculous prostatitis is a long process. Therapy aims to stop inflammation, relieve symptoms, destroy stones and prevent their reshaping. As a rule, the course of treatment lasts at least a month.
Treatment of calculous prostatitis begins with symptomatic therapy, which is based on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics and alpha-blockers. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain and improve well-being. Antibacterial therapy is performed only if calculous prostatitis develops against the background of infectious inflammation in the prostate and during the examination pathogenic microorganisms are detected. Preparations of the alpha-blocker group are indicated for the development of urinary disorders. These medicines relax the bladder and make urination easier.
An important role in the treatment of calculous prostatitis is given to physiotherapy, which aims to improve prostate trophism. Electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, shock wave therapy are practiced.
If the stones are large, it is possible to perform an operation to remove them. Minimally invasive methods and laser surgery are commonly used.
Medium-sized stones are successfully printed by a laser. This procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, is absolutely painless and lasts no more than 20 minutes. If there are some stones, a course of procedures is described.
With calculous prostate, prostate massage is prohibited, as this leads to damage to the tissues of the organ when the stones are set in motion.
How to treat stone prostatitis - depends on the size of the stones and the symptoms of the disease. With small stones, the treatment is performed with the help of medications and physiotherapy, which, among other things, aim at crushing the stones. Large stones are surgically removed. The operation is performed under anesthesia.
Possible complications
Calculus prostatitis is dangerous with the risk of developing an abscess in the prostate gland. Such a complication requires immediate hospitalization and surgical intervention, otherwise the abscess may open on its own, leading to the development of sepsis.
Lack of adequate and timely therapy can lead to the development of paraproctitis. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue surrounding the rectum. Purulent inflammation can have dangerous consequences, up to sepsis and infection of the whole organism.
One of the most common complications in the absence of timely treatment of prostate stones is erectile dysfunction. Often, the presence of stones in the prostate leads to infertility.
The possibility of complications is determined during examination and diagnosis. In addition, during treatment of calculous prostatitis, the patient undergoes regular ultrasound and prostate secretion analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen treatment regimen.
The most common consequence is a breach of power.
Disease prevention
Despite the fact that calculous prostatitis is curable, the attending physician always warns of the risk of recurrence of stones. To prevent this from happening, a man should follow some recommendations.
Prevention of recurrence of the disease is reduced to a balanced diet, regular sexual activity. Fatty and spicy foods that negatively affect the functioning of the urinary system should be avoided. Be sure to give up bad habits and exercise regularly to prevent stagnation of blood and lymph in the pelvic organs.
Since calculous prostatitis is most often a complication of chronic prostatitis, disease-specific prevention is reduced to timely treatment of prostate inflammation. You should follow your doctor's recommendations and not try to treat prostatitis yourself.
Too often, men who face this disease do not pay proper attention to the symptoms, hoping the anxiety will go away on its own. As a result, prostatitis is not treated and can continue in a latent form for many years, appearing periodically with irritations. It is important to understand that a timely visit to a doctor and adequate therapy will alleviate the disease in a few months.
Another common mistake that leads to the development of calculous prostatitis is to stop treating chronic inflammation at first improvement. As a result, the disease remains untreated and will definitely be felt when immunity is reduced.
Thus, to avoid the formation of stones in the prostate, you should follow only a few rules:
- consult a doctor in a timely manner;
- strictly follow the instructions of a specialist;
- do not let the disease take its course.
Every man who has had prostate should undergo an annual examination by a urologist.